The academic legitimization of chiropractic: the case of CMCC and York University
نویسندگان
چکیده
Despite the fact that chiropractic has been accepted by more and more Canadians and Americans, it has yet to gain a foothold on a large American or Canadian university campus. In Canada, the primary chiropractic educational institution, the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), has attempted to affiliate with many universities including the University of Victoria, Brock University, the University of Waterloo, and, most recently, York University. The benefits of association with a university include eligibility for many research grants and academic legitimacy for the profession. While chiropractic has been denied university affiliation, other “subordinate” health occupations, such as nursing and midwifery, are currently taught in Ontario universities. The objective of the current research is to analyse the reasons for the failure of the CMCC to affiliate with York University. The major focus of the investigation is whether CMCC’s lack of success can be viewed as a manifestation of the dominance of a medical model at York or whether arguments similar to those raised against CMCC are common in mergers in higher education. The first possibility is consistent with closure theory in general in which professions attempt to limit competition for scarce resources (in this case patients and status), and to the notions of medical dominance and medical sovereignty that are related to closure theory. The second explanation is consistent with “mutual-growth merger theory” in which it is postulated that mergers in higher education are successful when they are of benefit to both parties and a series of steps have been taken ranging from institutional selfassessment, that may involve conducting surveys of the En dépit du fait que la chiropratique est acceptée par de plus en plus de Canadiens et d’Américains, elle n’a toujours pas de point d’ancrage sur un campus universitaire américain ou canadien. Au Canada, le principal établissement d’enseignement de la chiropratique, le Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC), a tenté de s’affilier à bon nombre d’universités, dont l’Université de Victoria, l’Université Brock, l’Université de Waterloo et, plus récemment, l’Université York. Les avantages d’une affiliation universitaire comprennent l’admissibilité à de nombreuses subventions de recherche et la légitimité académique de la profession. Tandis que la chiropratique s’est vu refuser une telle affiliation, d’autres professions « subordonnées » en santé, telles que les professions de sage-femme et d’infirmière, sont actuellement enseignées dans les universités de l’Ontario. L’objectif de la présente étude est d’analyser les raisons de l’échec du CMCC à s’affilier à l’Université York. Le point de mire principal de l’étude est de savoir si l’insuccès du CMCC s’avère une manifestation de la domination d’un modèle médical à l’Université York ou si des arguments semblables à ceux brandis contre le CMCC sont propres aux fusions dans l’enseignement supérieur. La première possibilité concorde avec la théorie de la fermeture en général, dans laquelle les professions tentent de limiter la compétition autour des rares ressources (dans ce cas-ci, les patients et leur état), et avec les notions de domination et d’indépendance médicales reliées à cette théorie. La deuxième explication concorde avec la « théorie de fusion de la croissance mutuelle » dans laquelle il est
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تاریخ انتشار 2002